Hebrews 10:29 ESV

I do not think you can do justice to this unless you look at the passage rather than a sentence. The preacher is arguing for his listeners to persevere. He is addressing a Covenant (legal agreement) and the breaking of that covenant. He is warning his readers, who had joined in this covenant, to persevere.

The question is this:
Can you be in covenant with God and not be saved?

In the Old Covenant many in Israel were in covenant, but we're never justified by faith. They died in their sins. In the New Covenant, does it work similarly? Can you be in covenant, yet never be justified by faith?
Many Christian denominations understand baptism to be the connection to the Covenant of Grace, yet it doesn't save you. It establishes the covenant, but you a justified by faith, not by baptism.
Therefore the listeners are being exhorted to persevere in the covenant.
To break covenant results in enraging the Spirit of God. This should function as a warning to all who have participated in the baptism of the covenant, but do not find their justification by faith.

*Hebrews 10:26-39*
For if we go on sinning deliberately after receiving the knowledge of the truth, there no longer remains a sacrifice for sins, but a fearful expectation of judgment, and a fury of fire that will consume the adversaries. Anyone who has set aside the law of Moses dies without mercy on the evidence of two or three witnesses. How much worse punishment, do you think, will be deserved by the one who has trampled underfoot the Son of God, and has profaned the blood of the covenant by which he was sanctified, and has outraged the Spirit of grace? For we know him who said, “Vengeance is mine; I will repay.” And again, “The Lord will judge his people.” It is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living God. But recall the former days when, after you were enlightened, you endured a hard struggle with sufferings, sometimes being publicly exposed to reproach and affliction, and sometimes being partners with those so treated. For you had compassion on those in prison, and you joyfully accepted the plundering of your property, since you knew that you yourselves had a better possession and an abiding one. Therefore do not throw away your confidence, which has a great reward. For you have need of endurance, so that when you have done the will of God you may receive what is promised. For, “Yet a little while, and the coming one will come and will not delay; but my righteous one shall live by faith, and if he shrinks back, my soul has no pleasure in him.” But we are not of those who shrink back and are destroyed, but of those who have faith and preserve their souls.

 

It does at least prove the Personality of the Holy Spirit. You can't enrage or outrage a force.